Best Probiotics For Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Explained in Plain English

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is gastrointestinal disorder that causes many digestive problems.

Probiotics are recognized as a new treatment option, but it’s a topic that is clouded by a lot of confusion and scientific jargon.

This is a review of what the best probiotics for IBS actually are, explained in a way you can understand.

What Are Probiotics?

what are probiotics

The term ‘probiotics’ refers to bacteria that we eat specifically for health benefits.

They are capable of altering the balance of bacteria that already exists in our gut (large intestine), known collectively as our gut microbiota.

Our gut microbiota is thought to consist of up to 1000 different species of bacteria, which can be further categorised into individual strains.

Probiotics are made up of a single or mixed-culture of species and strains in specific doses. It’s widely accepted that their effectiveness depends on the species you consume and what species already exists in your gut.

The most common and well-researched are species of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Notably, IBS patients appear to have lower levels of both species compared to an otherwise healthy person (1, 2).

How Do They Work?

It’s thought the addition of the right types and numbers of bacteria to the gut can improve gut health (and maybe even alter our weight).

However, the precise mechanism of action of probiotics is still unknown.

Looking specifically at IBS, the theory is that certain strains can promote an anti-inflammatory response, improve visceral hypersensitivity, gut dysmotility, intestinal permeability (“leaky gut”), and even remedy dysfunction of the gut-brain axis (3, 4, 5, 6, 7).

Assuming this is true, we would then expect that probiotics would greatly improve IBS symptoms.

Summary: Bacteria that we consume for health benefits are called probiotics. There are many different strains (types) that may help with IBS although the mechanism of action is poorly understood.

Which Probiotics Species Are Best?

probiotics species

It’s difficult for IBS researchers to pinpoint just how effective probiotics are.

This is due to differences in study design, patient populations, probiotics strains and dosages used of previous clinical trials.

Generally speaking, there is emerging evidence that probiotics help to improve overall symptom response and quality of life compared to taking a dummy pill (placebo) over an 8-10 week period. This goes for all type of IBS (IBS-D, IBS-C, and IBS-M) (8, 9, 10).

However, they appear less effective for specifically treating abdominal pain, excessive gas and bloating (11).

At the 2015 Yale University workshop, two particular probiotic varieties were identified as the best options for IBS (12):

  • Bifantis (Bifidobacterium infantis 35624): a group of bacteria that normally live in the intestines, but specifically the strain 35624. It’s reported many people are missing this strain from their gut (13, 14)
  • VSL#3: a probiotic mixture of eight strains (more on this below) (15, 16).

As you can see in the the table here, the strains Lactobacillus plantarum 299V and Bifidobacterium animalis (also known as Bifidobacterium lactis) were also rated, although not as highly.

Probiotic strains for IBS

A list of probiotic strains rated for effectiveness in IBS at the 2011 and 2015 Yale University Workshops. Click to enlarge.

Note that recommendations are given as A, B or C ratings. None of the probiotic recommendations for IBS are rated A because more studies are needed first.

Summary: In 2011 Yale university rated Bifidobacterium infantis and VSL#3 as the best probiotics for IBS. Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium animalis (lactis) may also be useful.

Probiotics and Constipation

probiotics and constipation

Given the majority of IBS patients experience diarrhea as their main symptom (IBS-D), the majority of study subjects is no different.

For this reason there is much more data on treating diarrhea, and a general lack of recommendations for those struggling with constipation (IBS-C).

Fortunately there has been a recent 90-day clinical trial on 122 patients with IBS-C. The researchers wanted to test the effects of two different probiotic mixtures versus a dummy pill (placebo).

The strains tested included:

  • Lactobacillus. acidophilus
  • Lactobacillus. reuteri
  • Lactobacillus. plantarum,
  • Lactobacillus. rhamnosus
  • Bifidobacterium. animalis subsp. lactis.

They found that between 66-90% of those taking either probiotic mixture responded very favorably to effects on bloating, abdominal pain and cramping, flatulence and constipation. By contrast, only 6-36% of the placebo group responded well (17).

probiotics for IBS-c constipation

Percentage of responders to IBS-C related symptom during the treatment period (t60, days) with probiotic formulations F_1 and F_2. F_3 was the placebo group. Click to enlarge.

Additionally, they found that beneficial effects were maintained 30 days after the last intake of probiotics. At least, after taking the probiotics for 60 days first.

From these data it seems that probiotics containing at least a mixture of Lactobacilli species warrant consideration if you are having trouble with constipation.

Notably, the second mixture performed best overall and it contained both Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium animalis. These were both mentioned in the 2011 and 2015 Yale top list.

Summary: A recent clinical trial on IBS patients with constipation found that a probiotic mixture is greatly beneficial in up to 90% of users.

Which Probiotic Brands Are Best?

I realize that listing the best species is not so practical when it comes to purchasing an actual product.

So these are the best probiotics for IBS currently available based on the current evidence and the opinion of gastrointestinal specialists. They are not listed in any particular order, and it’s currently not possible to recommend one over the other.

Dosage recommendations are listed on the product and none of them contain inulin (high FODMAP), but always speak to your doctor before trying any new supplement.

VSL#3 (Visbiome)

VSL3 probiotic

This is one of the more well-known probiotic labels, highly regarded in the medical community.

In Europe it is now called a “poly-biotic” due to new regulations. It’s also known as Visbiome in most countries, and Vivomixx, at least in Australia and New Zealand.

VSL#3 was designed for patients with IBS, ulcerative colitis or an ileal pouch.

It’s a high dose, high potency probiotic with multiple strains including (16, 18):

  • Lactobacillus acidophilus
  • Lactobacillus plantarum
  • Lactobacillus casei
  • Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus
  • Bifidobacterium infantis
  • Bifidobacterium longum
  • Bifidobacterium breve
  • Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus.

VSL#3 is well-studied and was used in many clinical trials cited in this article. It has a strong and consistent track record for treating IBS symptoms in adults and children.

You can see a full list of studies using VSL#3 here.

They also have a children’s variety available.

Symprove

symprove probiotic

Symprove is a water-based probiotic mixture that contains:

  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus
  • Lactobacillus plantarum
  • Lactobacillus acidophilus
  • Enterococcus faecium.

A healthy gut contains a balance of each of these, but it’s likely an IBS gut does not.

The manufacturers claim it works better than other brands, and they tested Symprove against 7 other probiotic products in a laboratory experiment designed to mimic the environment the probiotic would experience in the body (19).

Based on these data it is superior because the bacteria actually survive all the way to the gut, where they can then grow and make a difference.

Symprove survive

Data from the study that show which products survived best in stomach acid over 180 minutes. Image source. Click to enlarge.

Symprove thrive

Data from the study that show which products contained bacteria that grew and thrived after exposure to stomach acid. Image source. Click to enlarge.

For the record, VSL#3 was tested in this study and fared extremely well alongside Symprove. The findings are very interesting, but keep in mind this was done in a laboratory and not actually measured inside a human or animal.

There is also one published 12-week clinical trial of Symprove in which 152 IBS patients completed the study.

Those taking the probiotic experienced a significantly greater reduction in symptom severity compared with the placebo group. This became very evident after the 4-week mark (20).

Symprove IBS symptom severity

Average change in IBS symptom score over a 12 week period between Symprove (active) and placebo.

Four weeks after discontinuing treatment, the benefits largely disappeared. This suggests patients may requires ongoing treatment with Symprove.

For the record, Symprove is the most expensive of the three products listed in this article.

Alflorex and Align

alforex probiotic

This product is claimed to be the number 1 gastroenterologist recommended live culture in the US.

It’s called Alflorex in the UK and Align in the US and Australia (I’ll just refer to it as Alflorex here). Unlike VSL#3 and Symprove, Alflorex is a single-species probiotic.

That is, it only contains Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 and nothing else. This is trademarked as Bifantis and was one of the top rated probiotics in the Yale University workshop mentioned above.

Notably it’s also the most affordable of the three products listed.

As you’d expect there is a lot of research showing Alflorex has beneficial effects on gut health and bacteria, particularly in IBS patients (21, 22, 23).

Additionally, one of the latest probiotic review studies concluded that single species probiotics are most effective for improving overall IBS symptoms (24).

On the other hand, a very recent meta-analysis claimed Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 was largely ineffective for treating IBS. However, the authors appear to have mistakenly compared products with different Bifidobacterium species (25).

As a result, a formal comment on this paper has recently been submitted that disputes those findings (26).

Note that Align was one of the eight products tested in the Symprove study mentioned above. They found it did not survive exposure to stomach acid and as a result did not grow to significant numbers in the gut.

This observation is clearly at odds with previous data from clinical trials, as well as the opinions of many researchers and gastrointestinal doctors. It’s likely their findings don’t paint the whole picture.

Honestly, I’m not quite sure what to make of it all but Alflorex is certainly worth a try if you have IBS.

It’s also available as a children’s drink and children’s straw, and appears safe for infants (27).

Summary: Based on current evidence and medical professional recommendations, the most effective probiotic supplements for IBS are VSL#3 (Visbiome), Symprove and Alflorex/Align (in no particular order).

What About Kijimea and Saccharomyces Boulardii?

Kijimea is a popular IBS probiotic pill in the US.

It contains a strain of bacteria called Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMB75 and is the only product with this strain.

There’s been one clinical trial using this strain, which included 122 patients. After 4 weeks, 47% of those taking B. bifidum MIMB75 reported significant improvements in pain, bloating, urgency and digestive disorders (as assessed by questionnaire). Whereas 11% of patients taking the placebo pill (fake pill) reported benefits (28).

So Kijimea certainly shows some potential, but the science supporting it is thin. The popularity likely comes from the fact it is easily available on Amazon and has great user reviews.

Saccharomyces Boulardii and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Saccharomyces is a type of non-pathogenic yeast.

The two main species used as probiotics are Saccharomyces boulardii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (commonly known as baker’s yeast).

Research indicates that Saccharomyces boulardii is an effective treatment for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and traveller’s diarrhea. However, the evidence for its use in IBS or IBD treatment is still in its infancy and is not recommended over the strains mentioned above (29, 30).

I only found one human clinical trial investigating Saccharomyces cerevisiae on IBS patients.

In this study 86 patients took Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 8 weeks while the other 93 patients took a placebo (fake) pill. Results showed that 63% of the probiotic group reported an improvement in abdominal pain vs 47% in the placebo group in the last 4 weeks of treatment. Not exactly an overwhelming result (31).

There were no other differences between the groups, indicating that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not very effective.

Summary: Kijimea is a popular probiotic supplement that is easily available on Amazon. Only one human trial has found it to be (somewhat) effective compared to placebo pills. Saccharomyces boulardii appears effective for treating certain types of diarrhea, but not so much for IBS. Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not seem very useful for IBS.

Should Probiotics Be Taken On A Low FODMAP Diet?

Treat IBS or FODMAP Sensitivities

The low FODMAP diet is one of the proven methods for treating IBS.

It involves first eliminating most FODMAPs from the diet for a 3-8 week period so that you are virtually symptom-free. Then you begin to systematically reintroduce them in order to identify the culprits, followed by a modified diet long term.

For this to work, it’s important that other possible triggers of digestive stress are minimized. That includes caffeine, spicy foods, fatty (fried) foods, alcohol, and fiber supplements among other things. Removing these ensures that if (when) symptoms do occur, you will be able to trace it back to an exact FODMAP group.

While probiotics can be highly beneficial, some people experience a worsening of symptoms. Given this risk, it’s typically not recommended to start a new probiotic supplement during any phase of the low FODMAP diet.

The exception is if you already use a probiotic supplement (successfully) before starting a low FODMAP diet. In this case you you can continue to do so throughout.

Summary: Some people may experience even worse digestive symptoms when starting a new probiotic supplement. This will compromise the results of a low FODMAP diet, so it’s not recommended to do them at the same time.

The Best Probiotics for IBS: A Double-Edged Sword

It certainly appears probiotics can help manage IBS, but only particular strains and mixtures.

Just keep in mind that they should not be used as a sole therapy.

In other words, probiotics are most effective in combination with current conventional treatments such as a medications (if recommended by your doctor), and before or after a low FODMAP diet.

Also note that they can be a double-edged sword… what works fantastic for some may only make symptoms worse in others. It likely depends on your existing gut bacteria environment.

For this reason you should be willing to experiment with different strains and different brands. Where one type doesn’t help, maybe another will.

The most clinically proven and recommended brands among gastrointestinal specialists are VSL#3, Symprove and Alflorex/Align, in no specific order. But as always, speak with your doctor before trying anything new.

Would you like more information on how to start a low FODMAP diet?

fodmap food list

Tap the blue button below to download our “Eat This, Not That” list as well as additional resources for IBS and digestive issues (it’s free!)

 
This article reviews the best probiotics for IBS based on current evidence... explained in a way you can understand. https://www.dietvsdisease.org/probiotics-ibs/

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About Joe Leech, Dietitian (MSc Nutrition & Dietetics)

Joe Leech is a university-qualified dietitian from Australia.

He graduated with a Bachelor's degree in exercise science, followed by a Master's degree in Nutrition and Dietetics in 2011.

Learn more about him on the About page